Millions of people globally are impacted by the complicated health problem of obesity. Many individuals are stuck in a cycle of unsatisfactory weight loss attempts despite their best efforts to adopt healthier lifestyles and control their weight through diet and exercise. Those who suffer from extreme obesity—which is often characterized as having a BMI (Bbody mass index) of 40 or above or a BMI of 35 or above combined with health issues associated with obesity—may find that typical weight loss techniques are ineffective. Bariatric surgery becomes a practical choice for such patients as it promises long-term weight loss and better health results.
Understanding Weight Loss Surgery
Also referred to as bariatric surgery, weight loss surgery generally comprises of procedures intended to help people lose weight through making changes to the digestive system’s structure. The main objective of bariatric surgeries is to lower the size of the stomach and/or alter the way food is digested which reduces calories intake and improves metabolism.
Common Types of Bariatric Surgery
Several types of bariatric surgery are available, and each one offers unique benefits and considerations. The most common procedures include:
Gastric Bypass – This procedure involves making a small pouch at the top of the stomach and redirectting the small intestine to connect to the pouch. Gastric bypass lessens the capacity of the stomach and alters the digestive process, which helps in lowering food intake and nutrient absorption, thereby promoting weight loss.
Sleeve Gastrectomy – In a sleeve gastrectomy, a portion of the stomach is removed which causes it to become smaller – post-surgery stomach looks like a small banana. This procedure limits the amount of food to be consumed and minimizes the production of hunger-inducing hormones and helps in weight loss.
Adjustable Gastric Banding – This process is also known as Lap-Band surgery. It involves inserting an inflatable band at the upper part of the stomach for forming a smaller stomach pouch. The band is designed such a way that can be adjusted to manage the rate of food passage which allows gradual weight loss in the patient.
Biliopancreatic Diversion with Duodenal Switch (BPD/DS) – BPD/DS combines restrictive and malabsorptive components by eliminating a portion of the stomach and rerouting the intestines to limit food absorption. This procedure helps in significant weight loss and is often suggested for individuals with severe obesity.
What are Some Benefits of Bariatric Surgery?
Some benefits of weight loss surgery include –
Better Health—Weight loss surgery has been shown to effectively resolve or improve obesity-related health conditions including high blood pressure, diabetes, sleep apnea, and joint pain. Many patients are also known to have reduced their medication, and at times, they also tend to stop it (only after the recommendation of their health practitioners) and enjoy better overall health and quality of life.
Weight Loss – Several studies have shown that weight loss surgery results in significant and sustained weight loss for the majority of patients. Unlike traditional weight loss methods, which often lead to weight regain over time, bariatric surgery offers long-term success in maintaining a healthier weight.
Emotional Well-Being – Beyond physical health benefits, bariatric surgery can positively impact emotional well-being by improving depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem that is associated with obesity. Many patients report increased confidence, self-worth, and improved relationships post-surgery.
Increased Longevity – By reducing the risk of obesity-related complications such as stroke, heart disease, and certain cancers, this surgery can significantly extend life expectancy and improve overall mortality rates.
Considerations
While bariatric surgery can be a transformative option for individuals struggling with obesity, it is essential to approach with careful consideration and thorough evaluation with the experts. Potential candidates should undergo comprehensive medical and psychological assessments to assess their suitability for surgery and identify any potential risks or contraindications. Additionally, bariatric surgery is not a swift fix or a one-size-fits-all solution; it needs a lifelong commitment to regular physical activity, healthy eating habits, and on-going medical follow-up to ensure long-term success.